Ecological Economics is an interdisciplinary field that studies the relationship between humans and their environment. It combines the principles of economics and ecology to explore the complex interactions between economic activities, natural resources, and the economy as a whole. It considers the economic, environmental, and social implications of economic activity, examining both the current and long-term consequences of decisions. It integrates natural and social sciences, accounting for biophysical, as well as market-based, understanding of the interactions between humans and the environment. This approach seeks to find solutions to support both human needs and ecosystem services, often resulting in more sustainable practices, policies, and systems.

See also: carrying capacity, ecological footprint, renewable energy, economic growth, fossil fuel